Digital Forensic Certification Practice Exam

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Which of the following algorithms is known for its fixed-size 256-bit hash output?

SHA-1
SHA-256
SHA-512
NTLM

The correct answer is: SHA-256

The algorithm known for its fixed-size 256-bit hash output is SHA-256. This cryptographic hash function belongs to the SHA-2 family and produces a hash that is exactly 256 bits long, regardless of the input size. The design of SHA-256 ensures that even a small change in the input will yield a significantly different hash output, a property known as the avalanche effect, making it highly effective for various applications, including digital signatures and data integrity checks. In the context of digital forensics, utilizing SHA-256 can help ensure that data has not been altered, as any modification would result in a different hash value. Additionally, SHA-256 is widely regarded for its security and resistance to collisions, which is crucial for maintaining the integrity of forensic evidence.